Feb. '99 -Cynthia L. Selfe
- Technological literacy-ability to use computers and other technology to improve learning, productivity, and performance
- CCCC-Conference on College Composition and Communication
- By allocating the responsibility of technological decisions (often times to a single staff member), the result is that computers are rapidly becoming invisible
- Computer technology=cultural strangeness
- Organizations deal with technology in a piecemeal fashion, creating little focus being paid to technology
- PAY ATTENTION to how literacy is linked to technology
- Not paying attention to technology is an unfair system (in my opinion-for students especially, it is doing them the injustice)
- what's are role in all this...
- One idea that might be a release for us to not pay attention is the fact that literacy and computer technology is deemed a socially progressive movement
- American Narrative: Clinton-Gore administration '96
- Getting America's Children Ready for the Twenty-First Century
- Document refers to use of computers for reading, writing, and communicating as well
- Plans shortcomings: not enough $ allocated and not enough to the correct places per state
- Also, not enough allocated to the correct places by government. Lack of punctuality on allocations (and generation of funding) AND not enough guidance to teachers and students
- ***Must do a better job of paying to attention to technology issues that affect us
- Lessons created from the different perspective on literacy that technology issues provide
- 1)Efficacy of large-scale projects/myth of literacy
- Primarily schools serving poor students and students of color have less access to computers
- Literacy and Technology link: race and socioeconomic status
- (this opportunity) will "help give all young people the opportunity to grow" is erroneous. It "deflects attention from the complexity and real political difficulties"
- 2) Literacy is always an political act (motivated by political agenda) as well as an educational effort
- Global Information Infrastructure (GII) and the national one (NII)
- Not so much the plan it self but a spark of the nation would help the expansion of technological literacy
- The plan's downfall in Selfe's eyes: not a consistent production of individuals acquiring technological literacy
- These deemed "illiterate/unskilled" individuals are necessary to sustain the American economical system
- Teachers who are teaching students how to "use" technology in the classroom, and those who virtually see it as "just another instructional tool" are both missing the point.
- Situated knowledges-approach
- It will also takes societies and schools working together
- Typical sites for critically informed action on technological literacy:
- Curriculum committees, standards documents, and assessment programs (diverse range of literacy practices and values)
- Professional organizations (activism)
- Scholarship and research (keep the research coming)
- In LA and English classrooms (learn the technology and become critical thinkers about technological issues and social issues surrounding its use)
- Computer-based communication facilities (serve as teaching environments for both students and teachers to learn)
- In districts that have poor schools and students of color (more equitable distributions of technology)
- In our voting
- In pre-service and in-service educational programs for teachers (or soon to be teachers)
- In libraries and public places
- As for teachers (and for everyone), make a commitment to literacy and technology everyday.
- Do the best to our personal abilities
"'Among the Greatest Benefactors of Mankind': What the Success of Chalkboards Tells Us about the Future of Computers in the Classroom" Spring 2000
-Steven D. Krause
- Basic question: will computers take the lead as chalkboards have?
- Technologies that have profound influences on how we teach: pens, paper, desks, chalkboard
- Chalkboard not viewed as technology but as natural (Krause arguing this is not actually true-chalkboard is a technology just as a pen is)
- Chalkboards don't push the envelop to change how writing is taught
- Writing = humanism; technology is something that gets away from that enterprise
- Krause finds himself agreeing with Cynthia Selfe (technology is inevitable, but, at times, negatively affecting our literacy)
- Will we consider computers "natural" in a school setting in the future, like we now view chalkboards as natural?
- Chalkboard=innovation of early 19th century
- In Lancasterian schools in Philadelphia, chalkboards facilitate large group instruction (usually a teacher/student ratio of 1 to 284)
- However, this was good compared to a past in which there was an absence of any previous systematic approach to learning (many went to school who would not have originally had access)
- Chalkboard's 20th century cousin=the overhead
- The chalkboard was here to stay
- Praise for chalkboard, why not so much for computers?
- Chalkboards (easy to operate/low-maintenance); Computers, essentially the opposite
- Chalkboards don't do, they enhance what teachers are already doing
- 1. We are not willing to change how we use computers (right now we are just interested in using them for enhancement)
- 2. It is pedagogy that motivates the use of technologies, not the technologies that motivates improvement in pedagogy.
- ***Computers are not universal yet because teachers do not see how computers enhance pedagogy
- Technology misuse (computer)=not training the teacher computer-based writing pedagogy
- Forcing teachers to use computers in the teaching of writing will do little good without changing the way writing is taught!
- Definition of computer will continue to change
- Future for computers and writing pedagogy is still unclear
- If computers are to become "natural," we need to work harder in our pedagogical approaches
"Time's Person of the Year: The Computer" Jan. '83
-Otto Friedrich
- Just in the first paragraph, I realize this was the extent of our computer knowledge by this date.
- "This passion is partly fad, partly a sense of how life could be made better, partly a gigantic sales campaign" (interesting take)
- Friedrich argue the personal computer is the "end result" of the technological revolution. Is that so, or is it just the beginning?
- The computer is now accessible to millions...here comes the information revolution
- What affect will all of this have? Dehumanization and unemployment? Or a spark in new industries?
- Comparing telecommunications to canals, highways, and railroads
- End of WWII ENIAC, the first fully electronic digital computer was built in U.S., costing $487,000. Today (1982), a personal IBM computer costs $4,000.
- Looking ahead, the computer industry sees pure gold.
- Estimate: 80 million personal computers in use by end of century
- In '82, the surface has been barely scratched for the computer industry.
- Video game...a teenage fad, doomed to go away like the Hula Hoop and Rubik's Cube (not to sure about that)
- Argument that these games have educational value
- These games promote the "user-friendliness" of the computer
- Personal computer: help with the idea of working from home
- Electronic mail, databases via dial up (I almost forgot that's what we used to have to do. I don't believe it has its name as WWW yet.)
- A doctor says that one day he accessed the computer 3x's in 12 minutes (imagine that!)
- Farmers are even jumping on the bandwagon
- The office is even giving way to the computer and joining the network. No more typewriters
- Office professionals a could save 15% of time if they used technology now avail.
- Electronic message system could eventually make "paper" obsolete
- "Suspicious" of this new equipment, and scared to death of it
- Why should anyone have to go to work in an office at all? Is the great megalopolis about to be doomed by technology?
- The Third Wave -Alvin Toffler (The home will become an "electronic cottage)
- Work is more about the social intercourse, a community
- Personal computer, robots, customization
- Advance of computers in medical field
- Computer crime
- Unemployment: get more work done by fewer people
- "It is a tool to help the rich get richer." -Katherine Fishman (I think we can say that is not necessarily true)
- The user will be able to carry out many functions simply by pointing to a picture of what he wants done rather than typing out instructions
- Quality electronics coming from Japan
- Use of computers to teach children about computers
- Will the the computer change the very nature of human thought? (higher IQs, higher level of thinking?)
- The personal computer can "greatly increase the forces of both good and evil." -Nils Nilsson
"Time's Person of the Year: You" Dec. '06
-Lev Grossman
- The few, the powerful, the famous shape our collective destiny as a species
- Individuals we could blame for a disturbing 2006 (Bush???)
- Community and Collaboration!!! (Wikipedia, You Tube, MySpace)
- Helping one another for nothing (wow, what a concept, seems to be it's been around for quite sometime). This will change how the world changes
- Tool making the possible=THE WEB or Web 2.0
- It's telling us about how Americans live.
- An explosion of productivity and innovation from the masses
- Grossman calls this a passion (is it truly that?)
- You: seizing the reins of the global media
- Web 2.0=a massive social experiment (w/ no road map)
- Staring at a computer screen, who's out there looking back at you?
AAK
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